Supplemental Foliar program with VEGRO® for strawberry production in California

Study Investigator: David Holden, PhD

Location of Study: Oxnard, CA, USA, Open field

Study Period: September 2017 - April 2018

APPLICATION DIRECTIONS
  • • Foliar and soil applications twice a month in standard amounts of water.
  • • Total 1 Gallon per acre for each program
DRIP (soil) and FOLIAR RATES
LOW RATE
App A

0.5 Pint/Acre

First flowering

App B

0.5 Pint/Acre

14 DA App A

App C

0.5 Pint/Acre

14 DA App B

App D

0.5 Pint/Acre

14 DA App C

App E

0.5 Pint/Acre

14 DA App D

App F

0.5 Pint/Acre

14 DA App E

App G

0.5 Pint/Acre

14 DA App F

App H

0.5 Pint/Acre

14 DA App G

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HIGH RATE
App A

1 Pint/Acre

First flowering

App B

1 Pint/Acre

14 DA App A

App C

1 Pint/Acre

14 DA App B

App D

1 Pint/Acre

14 DA App C

App E

1 Pint/Acre

14 DA App D

App F

1 Pint/Acre

14 DA App E

App G

1 Pint/Acre

14 DA App F

App H

1 Pint/Acre

14 DA App G

TREATMENTS
  • • [T1]: Grower Standard (GS)
  • • [T2]: GS+VEGRO® Foliar Low rate
  • [T3]: GS+VEGRO® Foliar High rate
  • • [T4]: GS+VEGRO® Drip Low rate
  • • [T5]: GS+VEGRO® Drip High rate
GROWER STD. Generalities

Nutrition program:

  • • 500 lbs/acre at pre plant with CRF water soluble 22-8-13
  • • Early use of Phosphoric acid to promote root growth
  • • 150 lbs/acre of nitrogen from CAN 17 or AN 20 early (November, December)
  • • From February to April about 120 lbs/ac potassium from potassium nitrate or potassium thiosulfate

Protection program:

  • • Spray every two to three weeks starting in mid- November for mites (or releasing beneficial mite predator Persimiliis) and Botrytis/Powdery mildew.
  • • This schedule goes to weekly if raining (this year that was in early March only). 
  • • Using standard fungicides such as Pristine, Switch, Merivon, Captan, Elevate, etc.
PROGRAMS: (for this trial)
  • • About 4 months duration (app. every 14 days, twice a month)
  • • Foliar applications
  • • 8 applications @ 1 (High rate) or 0.5 (Low rate) per acre
  • • By Foliar or Drip for both rates
  • • (High rate), total program: 8 pints or 4 quarts or 1 gallon total per acre.
  • • (Low rate), total program: 4 pints or 2 quarts or 0.5 gallon total per acre

Standard program with VEGRO® for strawberry is usually 1 pint/acre/application.

APPLICATIONS FOR THIS TRIAL:

08 applications:

• (A) Nov-21-2017

• (B) Dec-05-2017

• (C) Dec-18-2017

• (D) Jan-03-2018

• (E) Jan-16-2018

• (F) Jan-19-2018

• (G) Feb-12-2018

• (H) Feb-26-2018

AGRNOMIC SPECIFICATIONS
  • • Density: 32.750 plants per acre
  • • Treated plot Width: 2.84 Ft
  • • Treated plot Length: 2,100 Ft
  • • Treated plot area: 5,964 Ft2
  • • Treatments total: 5
  • REPLICATED 4 TIMES
  • Study design: RACOBL Randomized Complete Block (RCB)
METHODOLOGY & MATERIALS
  • • The variety (Radiance) utilized for this trial was grown in a commercial block of strawberries.
  • • This trial was set up as a completely randomized strip trial of five treatments (See included treatment table) with completely randomized data collection of four replicates maintained during the growing season.
  • • All treatments received at planting controlled release fertilizer and in season applications of N-P-K, along with seasonally necessitated foliar pest control.
  • • All materials were applied through the grower's in field drip irrigation system and foliar applications were made with a backpack sprayer.
  • • All rates and timing can be found in the tables associated with this report.
  • • No problems with phytotoxicity were noted through the use of any of Vegro®' materials.
DATA & COLLECT

1. Stimulated production on pick days twice per week for minimum of 16 picks

2. Data to collect and extrapolate to production per acres.

    • • weight per pick day in grams marketable berries (marketable is based on appearance and weight, must be over 20 grams per berry). - number of marketable berries
    • • weight per pick day of berries considered unmarketable
    • • number of unmarketable berries
    • • total weight of all berries
    • • Market utilization, that is the ratio of marketable to total berries picked by weight.

3. Early growth parameters: Vigor, plant development such as above ground sizing.

EVALUATION (Fruit count & weight)
  • 28 Picks
  • At each evaluation date, fruit data was converted into lbs. per acre as well as FLATS per acre.
  • A FLAT is a standard measuring unit for strawberry growers.
  • 1 FLAT = 8 lbs. Each FLAT contains 8 Clam Shells that weigh 1 lb each.
  • A clam shell is the finished product for consumers.
  • Average market price for 1 clamshell is less than $6 the unit (1 Lbs = $6)

 

 

PHYTOTOXICITY:
  • Plants in each plot were examined for signs of phytotoxicity (stunting, discoloration etc.) at 10 DAG (10 days After G App) using a 0-100% rating scale; 0 = no phytotoxicity and 100% = dead plants.
  • Plants were examined for signs of phytotoxicity (stunting, discoloration etc.) at 5 DAF using a 0-100% rating scale.
  • Results obtained are stunning and this requires further agronomic trials. (in process 2017/18)

Study Results


+$2.560

More Net Return per acre in [T3] for the Grower

+25%

More NET Return in [T3] Foliar than in [T4] soil LR

+$2,049

More NET Return for the Grower with [T4] Soil Low Rate

+14.6%

Money wise ($), improvement rate (%) in [T3] Vs the Grower Std [T1]

2,529 Trays

Trays per acre for [T3]

+275 Trays

Trays per acre for [T3] Vs GS [T1]

+12.2%

More trays per acre in % with [T3] Vs GS [T1]

+20% W1

Yield/acre in Week #1 [T3] Vs [T1]

+35.6% W2

Yield/acre in Week #2 [T3] Vs [T1]

+14.5% W3

Yield/acre in Week #3 [T3] Vs [T1]

+58% [T3]

Early maturity happens during the 1st two weeks of harvest in [T3] Vs [T1]

0%

With Vegro® zero Phyto-toxicity

 

Return for the Grower:

 

  • +$2,560 NET per acre in [T3] as maximum return for the grower Vs the Grower Std [T1]
  • +14.6% More NET return for the grower by comparison between [T3] and [T1] GS
  • +$2,049 NET per acre in [T4] LR by Soil application and Vs GS [T1]
  • +25% more NET return for the Grower between [T3] and [T4]
  • But half rate as shown in [T4] and by soil application show way less early maturity. (Cf Graph5,6,7)
  • +$1,553 NET per acre in [T2] LR Foliar as return for the grower Vs GS [T1]
  • For Half rate here in [T2], the early maturity is about 40% less than [T3], means less 100 trays per acre same comparison.

Quality yield:

  • 2,529 trays per acre in [T3]
  • +275 More Trays per acre in [T3] Vs [T1] GS
  • +12.2% More trays per acre in [T3] Vs [T1] GS

Early maturity:

  • +58% Early maturity with Vegro® in [T3] HR Foliar
  • +20% yield in week #1 with [T3], +35.6% in Week #2, +14.5% in week #3

 

Objectives: To quantify seasonal yields of fresh market strawberries in a California environment utilizing Vegro®

For a better view of the graphs and charts, reposition your mobile device into landscape mode.

Variety Used: Radiant

BEST PROGRAM with VEGRO
Notes: NET means cost of the program for Vegro® deducted.
(Graph #1) Cumulative Differential from Grower Std. Net Return in Dollars per acre

• The best treatment is High Rate Foliar Vegro® [T3]. With this program and treatment, we obtain +$2,560 per acre as Cumulative differiential from the Grower Standard, cost of the program Vegro® deducted. +$2,560 per acre as RETURN ON INVESTMENT Vs the Grower Standard.

• +25% more Return on Investment between Foliar High Rate (red line) and Soil Low Rate (green line) with Vegro®

• We speak here about +$2,560 NET cumulative return investment per acre and above the Grower Standard

• +$1,553 per acre for Low Rate by foliar with Vegro® or +2,049 per acre by soil at Low Rate

• There is for sure room in the budget of the grower to consider Vegro® treatment.

Notes:
• W = week and one week is equal to 7 consecutive days of picking, one pick is equal one day.
• NET = Vegro® program cost is deducted from the results.
• By passing the cursor on the graph you will visualize the raw data.

(Graph #2) Cumulative Marketable Production, Net Return by Pick Week in Dollars per acre

The best treatment is High Rate Foliar Vegro® [T3]. With this program and treatment, we obtain $20,937 per acre as Cumulative Marketable Production, Net Return by Pick week. With the Grower Standard [T1], the black line on the graph, we obtain: $18,273 per acre.

[T3], Vegro® treatment in High rate version and applied by foliar application generates a very significant +$2,664 per acre. Once deducted the cost of the program in High Rate version, then we obtain NET +$2,560 Per acre. 

• By comparaison with the [GS] it makes a very noticeable gain of yield of about +14.6% per acre.

Notes:
• W = week and one week is equal to 7 consecutive days of picking, one pick is equal one day.
• NET = Vegro® program cost is deducted from the results.
• By passing the cursor on the graph you will visualize the raw data.

BEST PROGRAM with VEGRO (in trays per acre)
Notes: NET means cost of the program for Vegro® deducted.
(Graph #3) Cumulative Marketable Production by pick Week in Trays per acre

• The best treatment is High Rate Foliar Vegro® [T3]. With this program and treatment, we obtain 2,529 trays per acre as Cumulative Marketable Production, Net Return by Pick week. With the Grower Standard [T1], the black line on the graph, we obtain: 2,254 trays per acre.

Accordingly, Vegro® High rate by foliar application, [T3] generates +275 trays per acre which compared to the [GS] makes a very noticeable gain of yield of about +12.2% per acre.

Notes:

• W = week and one week is equal to 7 consecutive days of picking, one pick is equal one day.
• NET = Vegro® program cost is deducted from the results.
• 1 tray is about 8 Lbs
• By passing the cursor on the graph you will visualize the raw data.

EARLY MATURITY AND RETURN ON INVESTMENT
(Graph #4) Marketable Production by Pick Week

• Data In trays per acre.
• This graph shows the improvement of the production by week and allow so to better visualize the early maturity incidence with Vegro®.
• Each bar show the Vegro® treatments and the black line the Grower Standard [T1]

• In comparison between [T3] HR Foliar and [T1] the Grower Std, the first week which is W1: +20% more yield; W2: +35.6%; W3: +14.5%; W4: 0%

• What do we see? A clear improvement of the production (trays per acre) for the Vegro® treatments compared to the GS [T1]. The High Rate Foliar treatment, present the most promising results. Please check the graphs #5,6 & 7 to obtain more details.

Notes:
• W = week and one week is equal to 7 consecutive days of picking, one pick is equal one day.
• By passing the cursor on the graph you will visualize the raw data.

(Graph #5) More Early maturity Vs the Grower Std

• In trays per acre
• Curbs represents the gain of yield with Vegro® Vs the Grower std (Zero line is the GS [T1])
• This graph is about to evaluate the early maturity benefits of Vegro® treatments Vs Grower Std.

• Red line which is [T3] High Rate Foliar, shows a very constant and homogenous curb way above the GS [T1]. It is above all the others and all along the two first weeks.

• Pale red line [T4] Low Rate Foliar shows the same trend as HR Foliar but with less difference with the GS.

• Soil treatments (green curbs) either HR or LR show less early maturity and get closer to foliar treatments data on the last week, when precisely the price of the market has dropped.

In resume, best return on investment is on the two first weeks where the market is the highest. This where precisely the foliar treatments with Vegro® are the most performant.

Notes:
• W = week and one week is equal to 7 consecutive days of picking, one pick is equal one day.
• By passing the cursor on the graph you will visualize the raw data.

(Graph #6) [T3] High Rate Foliar Vegro® is More Early fruits = more revenues

• 58% of the overall gain of yield for [T3] HR Foliar Vegro® is spread out over the two first weeks of harvest
• No significant difference in Week 4 vs the GS
• Accordingly, 100% of the gain of yield is occurring on the 3 first weeks of harvest.

+58%

Cumulative Early maturity for W1,W2 [T3]

(Graph #7) Net Price per Flat Return to Grower on Date Indicated

• Price per 10 Lbs flat equivalent
• Net Return to Grower is Net Price to Grower after picking, cooling, and Hauling
• The terminal price for 1Lb is less $6.00

• Two first weeks are at $11 Net Price Returned to the Grower when the 2 remaining weeks (W3 & 4) are respectively at $8.7 and $6.7.

• According the graph #6, [T3] High rate Vegro® treatment shows that most of excedent of production (58%) compared to the Grower Std is occurring over the two first weeks of harvest and where the market price is the highest.

• Vegro® is not only improving the quality yield on strawberry but it does improve the early maturity where the Net price return is the most profitable.

Notes:
• W = week and one week is equal to 7 consecutive days of picking, one pick is equal one day.
• W1 is from: 12/11/17..01/05/18; W2 from: 01/08/18..01/29/18; W3 from: 01/31/18..02/21/18; W4 from: 02/26/18..03/19/18
• By passing the cursor on the graph you will visualize the raw data.